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Marcellus de Niveriis
Marcellus de Niveriis, O.F.M., also known as Marcellus of Skálholt ( d. 1460 or 1462, at sea, near the coast of Sweden ), was a German Franciscan and an adventurer who was the 26th Bishop of Skálholt from 1448 until his death but he never came to Iceland.
== Crimes, Arrests and Escapes ==
Marcellus is believed to have been born in the village of Nievern an der Lahn, five miles (seven kilometers ) southeast of Koblenz, in Germany. It is from this birthplace that he had his Latin surname, ''Niveriis'' ("from Nievern" ). Nothing else is known about his origins. He was apparently very well educated.
But the first known mention of him was in 1426, when he was arrested in Lübeck for selling forged letters of mortgage and escaped from prison. He then pretended to be a monk of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre〔The Franciscan monks had been looking after the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem since 1342.〕 until he met a fellow Franciscan friar. Then, with the help of his new friend, he pretended to be a Knight of St. John throughout northern Germany to collect the money for ransoming the King of Cyprus from Turkish captivity.〔The Turks did not have Janus of Cyprus. He was actually held in Cairo by the Mamluks of Egypt for ten months before he was ransomed.〕 He was arrested again but he escaped from prison again. He was next found in the service of Henry Cardinal Beaufort, who was the envoy of Pope Martin V in Germany. When it came out that Marcellus was an escapee, he was arrested and imprisoned. But he escaped and fled, only to return and do odd things such as running naked through the streets and staging a symbolic hanging. In August 1428, he was sentenced to imprisonment for life. He was kept in the tower of the Prince-Archbishop of Cologne's prison in Brühl, 12.5 miles ( 20 kilometers ) south of Cologne. The conditions of his cell were so bad that he wrote and sent letters, which have been preserved, to the officers of the Prince-Archbishop to beg for freedom. He was redeemed and freed after allegedly curing the Prince-Archbishop, Dietrich II of Moers, of a dangerous illness. By then, his deeds were so notorious that rumors of them were heard at the Council of Basel. In 1431, he was assigned to Neuss as a priest and canon but he was not happy there. In 1439 he fell into debauchery but he continued to minister until 1442. He seemed to have enjoyed great popularity in the parish. He then settled in Cologne and lived there for a while.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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